Unix on Dapeng Zhang

Mac OS X 的安全睡眠

Wed, 11 Jun 2025 13:53:52 +0000

Mac OS X 默认是使用普通睡眠+安全睡眠（在 Windows 中称为休眠）。

安全睡眠会在计算机进入睡眠状态时把内存（RAM）中的数据保存到硬盘上的「/private/var/vm/sleepimage」文件，然后计算机才进入普通睡眠。这样做的好处是如果计算机完全没电了，那原来内存中的内容还可以从硬盘上恢复。

但这样也带来了不利之处，每当进入睡眠的时候都要写入内存容量大小的数据到硬盘上，这无疑延长了进入睡眠所需的时间（通常需要20秒-1分钟）；硬盘上还要使用内存容量大小的空间来存储睡眠文件，像笔者的 MacBook 有 4GB 的内存，那就要使用 4GB 的磁盘空间来存储睡眠文件，这对于磁盘空间比较紧张的笔记本用户来说就不太值得了。

可使用如下的命令进行查看：

ls -lh /private/var/vm/

可以在「应用程序-实用程序-终端」中使用以下命令禁止安全睡眠：

$ sudo pmset -a hibernatemode 0
$ sudo nvram “use-nvramrc?”=false

以上设置需要在计算机重启后才能生效。生效后就可以使用下面的命令删除睡眠文件了：

$ sudo rm -f /private/var/vm/sleepimage

如果需要恢复安全睡眠，可以使用下面的命令：

$ sudo pmset -a hibernatemode 3
$ sudo nvram “use-nvramrc?”=true

然后重启计算机即可。

mac关闭指定端口

Wed, 11 Jun 2025 11:06:53 +0000

先执行如下命令:

lsof -i:端口号

会有类似下面的结果：

COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
WebProces 42624 davidzhang 5u IPv4 0x907152bbf7b2a875 0t0 TCP localhost:64438->localhost:radan-http (ESTABLISHED)
WebProces 42624 davidzhang 10u IPv4 0x907152bbf7b64a05 0t0 TCP localhost:64439->localhost:radan-http (ESTABLISHED)

然后执行：

kill -9 42624

结束进程就搞定了

MAC OS X PHP5.3 with FPM

Wed, 11 Jun 2025 10:33:56 +0000

I’ve been considering diving into nginx for a bit now. Rumors of it’s speed and Cyrillic error messages have intrigued me. With recent forays into node.js apps and their requirement for a free port, I wanted to find a nice solution that complimented the evented speed of node.js without exposing a port publicly for each app. As it turns out Nginx is suited quite nicely to this. But that wasn’t where it ended. I found nginx to have a much more interesting and dynamic config language. And even beyond that it gave me a good excuse to learn more about running PHP as a FastCGI process and how PHP-FPM (baked in as of 5.3.3) fits into the picture. Not sure if MEMP is the correct acronym, but since I’ve seen talk of LEMP servers, I’ll run with it.（似乎说了一下为什么要使用PHP-FPM）

MacPorts. If you’re not already familiar with it, I recommend reading up before proceeding.

Since I already have MySQL set up and configured I won’t bother covering it here. It’s pretty well documented around the webs. The main focus here is going to be getting nginx installed and setting up PHP as a service to it with an emphasis on local development. No need to tweak this for production on my Macbook Pro.(这里说明了一下MacPorts是什么，给他带了什么好处)

PHP 5.3.3 introduced PHP-FPM (FastCGI Process Manager) to the codebase. Building it requires a few extra config flags and generates a php-fpm binary. The binary will manage spawning cgi processes and handling the FastCGI passthru from nginx. Currently MacPorts does not have an option to build PHP with PHP-FPM. After some hacking on the current Portfile I arrived at a working solution. It includes the correct flags, a dependency on libevent, and a startup item.(这里介绍了一下什么是PHP-FPM)

First things first.

sudo port selfupdate
# recommended but probably not a requirement
sudo port upgrade outdated
sudo port uninstall inactive

(If you’ve already got the php5 package installed, uninstall it and it’s cohorts to ensure a clean install process going forward.)
This is a bit of a hack and there’s probably a better way, like submitting a proper patch to MacPorts, but this will get the job done for today.

# replace this file with the Portfile from the gist below
/opt/local/var/macports/sources/rsync.macports.org/release/ports/lang/php5/Portfile

Then run the regular port install.

sudo port install nginx php5 +fastcgi php5-apc php5-mysql +mysqlnd

Next we’ll need to set up the configs. There’s two basic configs that require attention. First is the nginx config. Since this is just for a local development env we can be pretty lean on what we need.

下面是关于nginx的配置

# /opt/local/etc/nginx/nginx.conf

worker_processes 1;

error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;

events {
 worker_connections 1024;
}

http {
 include mime.types;
 default_type application/octet-stream;

 sendfile on;
 keepalive_timeout 65;

 server {
 listen 80;
 server_name ~^local\.(?.+?)\.com$;
 root /Users/jason/Sites/$site/web;
 index index.php index.html;

 location = /favicon.ico {
 log_not_found off;
 }

 location ~ \.php$ {
 fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-fpm.sock;
 fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
 include fastcgi_params;
 }
 }
}

This is the config that I’m currently using as my generic site config. It has a few nice features. First the server name is matched against a regular expression. So any site that matches local.xxxx.com will be parsed and use the xxxx as a sub-directory in my Sites folder. This is nice. So I only need to create a new directory and add my local.xxxx.com domain to /etc/hosts pointed at 127.0.0.1 and I can immediately begin developing. Gone are the days of creating a new v-hosts file, enabling it, and restarting apache every time I want to play with a new site’s code. The other nicety here is we’re using a unix socket for the fastcgi passthru. This is unnoticeably faster on my Mac, but again frees up the need to be concerned with another open port on my system.
It’s worth noting that any fastcgi_param that you define in this config is available within PHP as a $_SERVER variable.
The second config is the FPM config. Copy /opt/local/etc/php-fpm.conf.default to /opt/local/etc/php-fpm.conf and open it up. Here are the important ones to modify:（下面是关于php-fpm的配置）

pid = /opt/local/var/run/php-fpm.pid
error_log = /opt/local/var/log/php-fpm.log
listen = /tmp/php-fpm.sock
listen.owner = _www
listen.group = _www
pm.max_children = 1
pm.start_servers = 1
pm.min_spare_servers = 1
pm.max_spare_servers = 1
pm.max_requests = 500
slowlog = /opt/local/var/log/php-fpm.log.slow

It’s pretty straight-forward. Lean cus we can. Save and continue.
At this point we’ve got all the pieces in place. We just need a way to start/stop/restart nginx and FPM. I looked for a cleaner way to accomplish this but in the end it came down to a handful of aliases. Add these to your ~/.profile.（配置啊启动和关闭nginx，fpm）

# nginx
alias nginx_start='sudo launchctl load /Library/LaunchDaemons/org.macports.nginx.plist' 
alias nginx_stop='sudo launchctl unload /Library/LaunchDaemons/org.macports.nginx.plist' 
alias nginx_restart='nginx_stop; nginx_start;' 

# php-fpm
alias fpm_start='sudo launchctl load /Library/LaunchDaemons/org.macports.php-fpm.plist'
alias fpm_stop='sudo launchctl unload /Library/LaunchDaemons/org.macports.php-fpm.plist'
alias fpm_restart='fpm_stop; fpm_start'

（到这里，果然牛逼，直接放在自己的命令行里面）

Reopen the Terminal window to enable the new aliases. Start or restart nginx and FPM as the case may be.

At this point you should be able to create a site directory, add a domain to /etc/hosts and drop in an index.php with phpinfo(); to verify that PHP is working.
Hopefully this will be of some use to other aspiring MEMP devs out there.

来源：http://blog.jasonmooberry.com/2010/12/memp-php-5-3-with-fpm-and-nginx-via-macports/

Mac OS X下安装nginx+php及测试

Tue, 10 Jun 2025 15:46:40 +0000

—先安装XCode，这样才有GCC等必要开发工具包

默认XCode安装完成不会添加命令行支持，需要在XCode的“偏好设置–>下载–>选择下载命令行支持”

–命令行在 “应用程序–> 实用工具–>终端”

安装依赖的库

建议通过Macports来进行安装，（附MacPorts安装使用说明）。只需要执行如下指令：

sudo port install pcre

如果你已经通过自己下载pcre包来make & make install，很有可能会由于安装的pcre路径问题，在安装其他软件时会出问题。想要删除安装好的pcre，则只需要在下载下来的pcre解压文件夹下，执行make uninstall。

安装Nginx

方法一：仍然通过Macports，执行下面语句就ok

sudo port install nginx spawn-fcgi

方法二:

$curl -O http://nginx.org/download/nginx-0.8.53.tar.gz
$tar zxvf nginx-0.8.53.tar.gz
$cd nginx-0.8.53
$./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --conf-path=/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
$make
$sudo make install

配置文件为：/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf 默认安装在/usr/local/nginx 启动：输入以下命令启动Nginx，然后浏览器输入地址 http://localhost 进行测试，看到很大的字体的Welcome to nginx!就代表安装成功了

/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx

推荐关闭方式：

/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop

其他关闭方式：

ps -ef | grep nginx # 找到pid

sudo kill pid

安装PHP

sudo port install php5 +fastcgi fcgi php5-gd php5-mysql php5-sqlite php5-eaccelerator php5-curl php5-iconv

配置文件

cd /opt/local/etc/php5
sudo cp php.ini-development php.ini

将时区修改为：date.timezone = Asia/Chongqing 错误级别修改为：error\_reporting = E\_ALL & ~E\_NOTICE

启动：

sudo /opt/local/bin/spawn-fcgi -C 2 -p 9000 -f /opt/local/bin/php-cgi

遇到NGINX PHP “No input file specified”问题，解决方法：

1、 php.ini（/opt/local/etc/php5/php.ini或者/etc/php5/cgi/php.ini）的配置中这两项

cgi.fix_pathinfo=1 （这个是自己添加的）
doc_root= （这行本来就有）

并修改下面：

location ~ \.php$ {
 fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
 fastcgi_index index.php;
 fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /var/www/sitepath$fastcgi_script_name;
 include fastcgi_params;
}

/var/www/sitepath部分路径需要根据你主机主目录的实际情况填写，也可以用$document_root代替，其值实为PHP配置文件中的basedir一值。

测试方法：

在nginx的html目录下（默认为/usr/local/nginx/html），新建一个文件test.php，输入以下测试代码：

<?php
//测试mysql
$link = mysql_connect('localhost', 'root', 'mysql密码');
if (!$link) {
 echo "mysql fail!";
} else {
 echo "mysql succees";
}
mysql_close();
//输出php信息
phpinfo();

通过http://localhost/test.php 访问，如果能正常显示，那恭喜你，ok了。

附nginx, php, mysql快捷启动代码，建议复制保存为startup.sh，每次通过执行./startup.sh，然后输入管理员密码，就一次性开启了三项服务：

#!/bin/sh
sudo /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
sudo /opt/local/bin/spawn-fcgi -C 2 -p 9000 -f /opt/local/bin/php-cgi
sudo /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe &

再附上nginx, php, mysql快捷关闭代码，建议复制保存为shutdown.sh，每次通过执行./shutdown.sh就关闭了三项服务：

#!/bin/sh
sudo /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop;
`ps -ef | grep php | head -n1|awk '{print "sudo kill "$2}'`;
sudo /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -uroot -pms shutdown;